Communication- Is It an Art or a Science Let Us...

CHAPTER MEANING, TYPES AND MODELS OF COMMUNICATION *Dr. AJAY KUMAR ATTRI Lecturer, Deptt. Of Education, MLSM College Sundernagar; Mandi (H.P) †¢ INTRODUCTION Over time, technology has progressed and has created new forms of and ideas about communication. The newer advances include media and communications psychology. Media psychology is an emerging field of study. These technological advances revolutionized the processes of communication. Researchers have divided how communication was transformed into three revolutionary stages: In the 1st Information Communication Revolution, the first written communication began, with pictographs. These writings were made on stone, which were too heavy to transfer. During this era, written†¦show more content†¦It marks the beginning of recorded history. Whereas the rise of book publishing and journalism facilitated the widespread dissemination of information, the invention of the telegraph, the radio, the telephone, and television made possible instantaneous communication over long distances. With the installation of the submarine cable and improvements in short-wave radio technology, international communication was greatly improved and expanded. In 1962 the first active communications satellite was launched; it provided the first live television broadcast between the United States, Europe, Japan, and South America. Today, satellite communications is used extensively for relaying television signals, telephone calls, and special teleconferencing calls that might in clude two-way video and graphics along with audio. The 20th-century development of mass media has played a major role in changing social, economic, political, and educational institutions. Telecommunication has been defined by international agreement as any emission, transmission, or reception of signs, signals, sounds, and writing. Recent advances in electronics have made mobile personal communications widely available and inexpensive, primarily through cellular telephony. Worldwide computer networks allow computer users to use modems to communicate rapidly and inexpensivelyShow MoreRelatedScience, Math, And Music Centers1634 Words   |  7 Pages The three content areas that I will be focusing on is science, math, and music centers. The science to children is finding out about different things about the everyday world that is around the children. Science is an active open-ended search for children for new knowledge. The major goal is to foster and support the intellectual de velopment that makes up a child’s preschool years. These developments include receptive and the child’s expressive language skills of the children, self-regulationRead MoreModes Of Inquiry And Social Media1076 Words   |  5 Pagesshaped and dictated our lives, and if for the worse or for the better. Luckily, we have many different ways of inquiring similar questions. The Arts Sciences Department at the University of Louisville gives us 3 distinctive divisions: Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, and Humanities. These divisions are home to all of the different majors and thereby help us look at issues from multiple angles. Specifically, we can answer questions about social media by glancing through the lenses of Biology, GeographyRead MoreA Change Management Model For Xyz Corporations Satellite Television Customer Service Division1208 Words   |  5 Pagesabout the needed change. (The budget for the implementation is already in place and Appendix A Summarizes the 3-P art roll-out) Background It is important for the organization to understand that â€Å"change is a word that generates uneasiness in most of us. But most would agree that we can think of a time we had a good change in our lives† (Lotich, 2014). This is the message that needs to be relayed to employees is that as customer service is streamlined customer satisfaction will increase therebyRead MoreLanguage Arts Development Essay1695 Words   |  7 PagesEAT 1 Literacy and Elementary Reading REAT Task 1 Melissa Williams June 7, 2012 Language Arts development encompasses many different aspects of learning. There are many theories that suggest the different ways that children learn, but in the end there are six key concepts that each child must master in order to be fully proficient. These are reading, writing, speaking, listening, viewing, and visually representing. These concepts build upon each other and work togetherRead MoreColor symmetry Essay884 Words   |  4 Pagescolor Mark can see the best. Do not believe it? Not highly scientific, right? That may not be the case for Facebook. In our daily life, colors actually affect our purchasing decisions. After all, sight is the strongest developed sense in most human beings. How do colors really affect us, and what is the science of colors in marketing? I am taking the principle of marketing class now, as we strive to make improvements to our product Earthgrains, studying this phenomenon is key. Let us dig into someRead MoreOptical Camouflage Technology1731 Words   |  7 PagesTHANDRA PAPARAYA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Department Of Electronics And Communications (ECE) Subject An Advanced Seminar on†¦ Optical Camouflage Author 1 Munakala .Nagaraju Mail id: tpistece403@gmail.com Contact Number: 7799224496 9966557668 Contact Address Thandra Paparaya Institute Of Science amp; Technology, Komatapalli, Vizianagaram Dist. ABSTRACT: Imagination is impetus to Read MoreWhat Are Public Health?1628 Words   |  7 Pagespromotes wellness by encouraging healthy behaviors. Public health also works to track disease outbreaks, prevent injuries and shed light on why some of us are more likely to suffer from poor health than others. The many facets of public health include speaking out for laws that promote health, spreading the word about ways to stay healthy, and giving science-based solutions to problems. Professionals in the public health field are committed to making health care accessible to all sectors of society andRead MorePoetry Is A Type Of Communication Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesPoetry can help us to be aware of the changes that are otherwise not noticed, changes in our world. Poetry is something that we create. Poetry is stemmed from the roots of one’s life stories and experiences. Poetry is an outlet of human expression, allowing us all to share the untold stories of the journey’s that we travel. Poetry has no rules, therefore it can have endless results and can allow the poet to be completely vulnerable while fully clothe d. If you took the art from poetry, it would simplyRead MoreA Scientifically Literate Population Is The Essential Cornerstone Of An Innovative Culture1318 Words   |  6 Pagesarises from the fact that it is difficult for the public to trust â€Å"science†, simply because it is difficult for the public to truly understand or care about it. This poses an interesting question: How do we bridge the gap between what is percieved as â€Å"inaccesible scientific jargon† and public understanding and acceptance? The answer is clear: we must promote scientific literacy by increasing the quality of scientific communication. We must share what scientists and innovators have accomplished--afterRead MoreOleanna by David Mamet926 Words   |  4 Pagesmeans â€Å"What is, â€Å"something-other-than-useful.† The elaborate speech given by john highlights his pompous, self-centered character. We see that John uses his superior grasp of the English vernacular to intimidate Carol. His difficult and long speech confuses Carol making her feel stupid and less of a person. One example is when he attempts to explain â€Å"term-of-art† â€Å"it seems to mean term which gas through its use, to mean something to some†. Here John clearly passes his own opinion to Carol, He makes

Religion And Its Impact On Society - 922 Words

By definition, morals are a person’s standards of behavior concerning what is and is not acceptable for them to do. By this definition alone, morals have to be relative. Morals are based on what people believe, and it is impossible to think that every person in the world believes the same thing. A person’s morals can be based off of their geographical location, religion, political party, upbringing, or even the time period in which they lived. Each of these factors can greatly impact what people think is right and wrong. Religion has a huge impact on what people’s morals are. For example, many Hindus find that it is immoral to eat meat, while many Christians do not find a problem with it. This does not mean that one group of people is moral and the other isn’t. Many Orthodox Jewish women and Muslims cover their bodies when they are in public. This is considered moral and respectful in their cultures. Women of other faiths usually do not cover thei r bodies as much. The reason for this is that morals are relative to what a person is taught in accordance to their religious beliefs. In America, conservatives and liberals have very different views of what is right and what is wrong. Conservatives, for example, are usually against things like abortion, premarital sex, and birth control. On the other hand, liberals usually don’t have a problem with these things. Conservatives tend to believe that we should keep the same morals that people had when America was firstShow MoreRelatedReligion And Its Impact On Society1473 Words   |  6 Pages The dictionary defines society as â€Å"an organized group of persons associated together for religious, benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic, or other purposes† and religion as â€Å"something one believes in and follows devotedly; a point or matter of ethics or conscience.† The question stated on our political survey reads â€Å"shared religious beli ef isn’t and important part of our society.† And I disagree with that. Almost everyone has his or her own sets of beliefs and morals, which isRead MoreReligion And Its Impact On Society1163 Words   |  5 PagesReligion has created major turmoil in America. Every night on the news, specialists elaborate more and more about the candidates and their ideas. Many of the most controversial issues are refugees, terrorism, and abortion; all of which all have aspects dealing with religion. This is a sharp contrast to the supposed â€Å"separation† of church and state in America, since citizens are electing the next president based on his religion-based opinions. These opinions are often altered through the instantaneousRead MoreReligion And Its Impact On Society910 Words   |  4 PagesNot a single person would define religion, in their own words, the same as anyone else. James Martineau, an English philosopher influential in the history of Unitarianism, once said â⠂¬Å"Religion is the belief in an ever living God, that is, in a Divine Mind and Will ruling the Universe and holding moral relations with mankind.† Many different people see religion in many different ways. Religion has been an important place in the history of civilization. It gives a meaning and purpose to human life andRead MoreReligion And Its Impact On Society1343 Words   |  6 Pagescirculation religion has been a part of society that has always been there. But is this idea of rules and regulations enforced by a belief system really helpful to society? In a world without religion would there be less wars, hatred, and discrimination? With so many people involved or affiliated with religion it is important to explore deeper into the negative impact that religion has on society and try to make the world a better place with information that will help all. At a personal level religion fulfillsRead MoreReligion And Its Impact On Society1033 Words   |  5 PagesCenterâ€⠄¢s Forum on Religion Public Life, more than 230 countries were estimated to have 5.8 billion religiously affiliated people nationally (Global). This large statistic represents 84% of the 2013 world population, which at that time was 6.9 billion (Global). Religion has an immense presence in this world, but it also has a huge impact on the society that surrounds it. Contributing not only to the good of society, religion has also been used to disrupt and cause chaos. Impacting society positively,Read MoreReligion And Its Impact On Society1699 Words   |  7 PagesFor the past centuries religion has been a major force in the world and still continues to be one as there are billions of people that believe and follow a certain religion, but sadly religion has had a largely negative impact on the world today. As people continue to view religion in an unrealistic positive manner they continue to be deceived about its negative impact. During recent years there have been many headlines abo ut how religion influenced people in performing terrible acts that oppressRead MoreReligion And Its Impact On Society1310 Words   |  6 Pagesforce in society. Religion has been a major component of human culture since nearly the beginning of man. As we emerged as a high intellect species, we developed many different ideologies to answer some of our unanswerable questions. Since these developments, we continue to evolve as a species and the ideologies we have created evolve with us in our endlessly changing societies. As civilization grows, our different cultures clashed for many different reasons, one of which has been religion. As theRead MoreReligion And Its Impact On Society951 Words   |  4 Pages Religion to me is a set of beliefs and practices that can determine actions in everyday life by determining morals and deciding what is right and wrong in each society. This is a general idea that I believe has guided societies for centuries and has shaped today’s cult ures. As we study cultures around the world, we can find significant influential factors dating back to a prominent religion that shaped the ideals of culture telling the people what is deemed acceptable practice and behavior and whatRead MoreReligion And Its Impact On Society1862 Words   |  8 PagesReligion ranks as one of the most divisive factors in the world today dividing not only believers and non-believers but as well as those of different sects. Different ideals, and views of the diverse religions spur negativity amongst countries, races, friends, and family alike driving wedges whilst creating problems between individuals. However it also has brought billions of people together, going on to forge a sense of shred belief and unity of purpose across wide racial and geographical dividesRead MoreReligion : What Are Its Impacts On The Society?1601 Words   |  7 PagesReligion: What are its Impacts to the Society? Human as a physical and finite being believes that there is the spiritual entity or entities which unlike man are infinite and more powerful. Human sought to have a relationship with this sacred being, and the medium which he has devised to do so is religion. Borne out of human’s quest or search for purpose and meaning, religion was employed to provide answers to some basic intriguing phenomena, which bothers him on daily basis. Religion

Pathological Changes Osteoarthritis Relateâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Pathological Changes Osteoarthritis Relate? Answer: Introducation Osteoarthritis (OA is characterized as a type of arthritis that majorly affect the joint tissues of the body and at times causes the swelling on those areas. The most affected joints are knee, finger, neck, and waist. It is observed to be the primary cause of disability among the aged people. The high prevalence of OA is most common among the obese people. Therefore, it is ideal to understand the pathophysiology of OA to identify some of the mechanism such as treatment to decrease the sensitivity of the condition. Nevertheless, it is imperative to underscore that the disease may affect any joint tissue in the body and thus it is not primarily targeting only a particular section of the body. There are pathological changes that are observed in the OA showing some significant variations in the early stages of it. The emerging of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has significantly aided in the pathophysiology of OA and the detection of joint tissues condition. Some researchers reveal that subchondral bone is crucial in OA and thereby it is present during the remodeling of the bone. From the surgical specimens, it is evident that a person with OA exhibits some form of attrition in the subchondral bone that is flattening and does not have the direct relation with the fracture (Blaker, Zaki, Clarke Little). The MRI indicates some notable changes in the subchondral bone such as increment in volume and its thickness and thus weakening the minerals in those areas as compared to the healthy bone. There is increased the force of transmission through the joints that are caused by dissipation energy around the subchondral. It is incumbent to note that some animal models are used in demonstrating the cartilage lesion in respect to subchondral bone damage (Shirley Hunter). Further research indicates that the pain in the human joint is commensurate to the increasing turn over in the subchondral bone. Causes of OA There are numerous reasons for OA. However, the notable ones are abnormal joint development, joint injury and inherited factors. Virtually, those who are at greater risk are the obese people, and thereby caution has to be taken in advance to protect this group from any form of the problematic condition. The causative of OA is the mechanical stress around the joint and thus leading to lower inflammatory processes (Yamamoto, Takahashi Shinomura). Pain within the joint makes it difficult to exercise that part affected and thereby causing muscle loss in the indicated location of the body. The diagnosis of this squarely lies on the MRI and other relevant medical tests centering on the OA. Unlike rheumatoid arthritis, the OA joint hardly becomes red hot. Treatment The treatment for OA ranges from one individual to another, however, the ideal way is exercising in the bid to reduce joint stress and thus becoming the best therapy for recovery (Robinson, Lepus, Wang, Raghu, Mao, Lindstrom Sokolove). Moreover, weight loss may ideal for those who are overweight as it decreases the joint stress. Some other interventions such as the use of medication may be ideal to relieve the pain around the joint. The treatment may involve the use of paracetamols such as ibuprofen and naproxen; however continual use of opioid may result in adverse effects to the patient and therefore recommended that it ought to be taken with caution. The signs and symptoms of OA are aches on the joint and its stiffness especially during morning and may last for 30 minutes. Through the plain radiography, the joints may be observed to have spaces around the joints and the subchondral bones. (Harman, Carlson, Gaynor, Gustafson, Dhupa, Clement, Hoelzler, McCarthy, Schwartz Adams). T he morbidity rate of OA among the aged is very high as compared to other groups and thus is considered chronic disease especially to the aging population. Diagnosis and Epidemiological features The epidemiological features squarely depend on the radiographic findings, clinical symptoms and above all physical findings. However, it is ideal to note that one experience clinical disease yet fails to have radiographic OA on the same. The estimation of radiographic tests of OA stands at 80% at the age of 65 and 60% revealing the clinical OA. More studies indicate that 40% of women and 33% of men aged 70-74 years exhibit the x rays features and the clinical one (Glyn-Jones, Palmer, Agricola, Price, Vincent, Weinans, and Carr). The incidences of OA among the patient with knee issues stands at 40% whereas the ones who are obese are at 66%. The OA may damage other parts of joints if the immediate action is not taken at the right time. Lack ofproteoglycans due to the damages caused by the said tissue may result in loss of protection on those particular muscles and thus rendering such parts susceptible to more injuries (Jarraya, Roemer, Englund, Crema, Hayashi Guermazi). It was earlie r mentioned that the ligaments of the joining part become thickened and thus making the section to be worn out and thus resulting in its damage. Management For the case of obese people, it would be ideal to exercise well in the bid of losing weight as this has proved to play a significant role in the recovery process of the patient. Moreover, patient education is ideal for such case as the patient is made aware of some of the approaches that they have to develop with the aim of aiding them to recuperate well entirely. According to Kraus, Blanco, Englund, Karsdal, and Lohmander, changing of lifestyle has resulted in great improvement among the patients with OA of different types. This mostly occurs among the patients with hip OA. Similarly, physical therapies have been instrumental in the whole process of recuperation and thus recommended for the patients with OA. In relieving of pain, heat is ideal for relaxing the muscles and stiffness in the joint. On the same breath, aerobics are also recommended as they reduce severe pain in the affected joint and further improves ones physical orientation (Laslett, Pelletier, Cicuttini, Jones Mart el-Pelletier). For the one with knee osteoarthritis, the use of knee braces may aid them to some extent and thus also recommended for this matter. Medication The recommended medication in treating osteoarthritis is acetaminophen. Opioids channeled through mouth are prescribed as they are considered as weak opioids thus have no adverse effect on the patients taking them (Schiffman Ohrbach, Truelove, Look, Anderson, Goulet, List, and Svensson). The glucocorticoids injection on the joints has shown to be very reliable and efficient in the relieving of the pain having no signs of adverse effect to the patient (Banaszkiewicz). On the part of the surgery, evidence shows that joint replacement is ideal and clinically accepted for both hip and knee. The transfer of cartilage from one area to the affected area is possible and has proved to play a very significant role in the recuperation process of the patients. However, the medics are strongly against the arthroscopic surgery as it did not demonstrate to be very sufficient. Risk factors of OA Different studies and research indicate that there are greater incidences of OA among women than men. The risks increase at menopause due to hormonal factor and as such may thus affect the pattern of hormone in the body. Nevertheless, some health factors ought to be put into consideration when deciding on the replacement of the cartilage (Dimitroulas Duarte, Behura Kitas Raphael). Physical exercises are ideal for relaxation of the stiffness and the pain, nonetheless; it ought to be carried out with caution in order not to cause more stress on the part that had been damaged. Conclusion Osteoarthritis affecting the knee and hip are common and increases among the aging population. The OA that centers on overweight may result in significant risk such as disability to that particular patient. It is for this reason that the patient is advised to seek medical aid early before the situation worsens for that matter. It for this reason that one ought to fully understand the pathophysiology of OA to know how to deal with the issue earlier before the situation is unbearable (Leijon, Ley, Corin Ley) OA treatments are aimed at relieving pain through the relaxation of the damaged area. It has been observed that exercise has to be performed with caution so as not cause more damage to the affected joint. Notably, few minutes of relaxation is Important, especially if activity supports it, but it should not be more intense. Therefore, modification of activities is recommended to suit the need intended. Conclusively, OA was initially classified as secondary or primary. However, this classification has taken a more advanced approach where every constituent joint is identified. References Banaszkiewicz PA. Idiopathic bone necrosis of the femoral head. Early diagnosis and treatment. InClassic Papers in Orthopaedics 2014 (pp. 121-123). Springer London. Blaker C, Zaki S, Clarke E, Little C. Compartmental Knee Osteoarthritis in Preclinical Models: Tibiofemoral versus Patellofemoral Structural Pathology and Pain. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2017 Apr 1;25: S312-3. Dimitroulas T, Duarte RV, Behura A, Kitas GD, Raphael JH. Neuropathic pain in osteoarthritis: a review of pathophysiological mechanisms and implications for treatment. InSeminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2014 Oct 31 (Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 145-154). WB Saunders. Glyn-Jones S, Palmer AJ, Agricola R, Price AJ, Vincent TL, Weinans H, Carr AJ. Osteoarthritis. The Lancet. 2015 Jul 31;386(9991):376-87. Harman R, Carlson K, Gaynor J, Gustafson S, Dhupa S, Clement K, Hoelzler M, McCarthy T, Schwartz P, Adams C. A prospective, randomized, masked, and placebo-controlled efficacy study of intraarticular allogeneic adipose stem cells for the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3. Jarraya M, Roemer FW, Englund M, Crema MD, Hayashi D, Guermazi A. Spectrum of meniscal pathology in osteoarthritis revisited-from signal change to complete destruction. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2016 Apr 1;24:S306-7. Kraus VB, Blanco FJ, Englund M, Karsdal MA, Lohmander LS. Call for standardized definitions of osteoarthritis and risk stratification for clinical trials and clinical use. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2015 Aug 31;23(8):1233-41. Laslett LL, Pelletier JP, Cicuttini FM, Jones G, Martel-Pelletier J. Measuring Disease Progression in Osteoarthritis. Current Treatment Options in Rheumatology. 2016 Jun 1;2(2):97-110. Leijon A, Ley CJ, Corin A, Ley C. Morphological Changes of Osteoarthritis in Feline Stifle Joints and Associations with Intra-Articular Mineralization. Journal of Comparative Pathology. 2017;1(156):83. Robinson WH, Lepus CM, Wang Q, Raghu H, Mao R, Lindstrom TM, Sokolove J. Low-grade inflammation as a key mediator of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Nature reviews. Rheumatology. 2016 Oct;12(10):580. Schiffman E, Ohrbach R, Truelove E, Look J, Anderson G, Goulet JP, List T, Svensson P. Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) for clinical and research applications: recommendations of the International RDC/TMD Consortium Network and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group. Journal of oral facial pain and headache. 2014;28(1):6. Shirley PY, Hunter DJ. Prospects for disease modification. Oxford Textbook of Osteoarthritis and Crystal Arthropathy. 2016 Sep 22:343. Yamamoto M, Takahashi H, Shinomura Y. Mechanisms and assessment of IgG4-related disease: lessons for the rheumatologist. Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 2014 Mar 1;10(3):148-59.

Software Licensing And Piracy Essays - Intellectual Property Law

Software Licensing and Piracy In 1993 worldwide illegal copying of domestic and international software cost $12.5 billion to the software industry, with a loss of $2.2 billion in the United States alone. Estimates show that over 40 percent of U.S. software company revenues are generated overseas, yet nearly 85 percent of the software industry's piracy losses occurred outside of the United States borders. The Software Publishers Association indicated that approximately 35 percent of the business software in the United States was obtained illegally, which 30 percent of the piracy occurs in corporate settings. In a corporate setting or business, every computer must have its own set of original software and the appropriate number of manuals. It is illegal for a corporation or business to purchase a single set of original software and then load that software onto more than one computer, or lend, copy or distribute software for any reason without the prior written consent of the software manufacturer. Many software managers are concerned with the legal compliance, along with asset management and costs at their organizations. Many firms involve their legal departments and human resources in regards to software distribution and licensing. Information can qualify to be property in two ways; patent law and copyright laws which are creations of federal statutes, pursuant to Constitutional grant of legislative authority. In order for the government to prosecute the unauthorized copying of computerized information as theft, it must first rely on other theories of information-as-property. Trade secret laws are created by state law, and most jurisdictions have laws that criminalize the violations of a trade-secret holder's rights in the secret. The definition of a trade secret varies somewhat from state to state, but commonly have the same elements. For example, AThe information must be secret, Anot of public knowledge or of general knowledge in the trade or business, a court will allow a trade secret to be used by someone who discovered or developed the trade secret independently or if the holder does not take adequate precautions to protect the secret. In 1964 the United States Copyright Office began to register software as a form of literary expression. The office based its decision on White-Smith Music Co. v. Apollo , where the Supreme Court determined that a piano roll used in a player piano did not infringe upon copyrighted music because the roll was part of a mechanical device. Since a computer program is textual, like a book, yet also mechanical, like the piano roll in White-Smith, the Copyright Office granted copyright protection under the rule of doubt. In 1974, Congress created the Natural Commission on New Technological Uses (CONTU) to investigate whether the evolving computer technology field outpaced the existing copyright laws and also to determine the extent of copyright protection for computer programs. CONTU concluded that while copyright protection should extend beyond the literal source code of a computer program, evolving case law should determine the extent of protection. The commission also felt copyright was the best alternative among existing intellectual property protective mechanisms, and CONTU rejected trade secret and patents as viable protective mechanisms. The CONTU report resulted in the 1980 Computer Software Act, and the report acts as informal legislative history to aid the courts in interpreting the Act. In 1980 The Copyright Act was amended to explicitly include computer programs. Title 17 to the United States Code states that it is illegal to make or to distribute copies of copyrighted material without authorization, except for the user's right to make a single backup copy for archival purposes. Any written material (including computer programs) fixed in a tangible form (written somewhere i.e. printout) is considered copyrighted without any additional action on the part of the author. Therefore, it is not necessary that a copy of the software program be deposited with the Copyright Office in Washington, D.C. for the program to be protected as copyrighted. With that in mind then a copyright is a property right only. In order to prevent anyone from selling your software programs, you must ask a court (federal) to stop that person by an injunction and to give you damages for the injury they have done to you by selling the program. The